Science MCQs

Some bacteria have an additional protective layer called a capsule outside their cell wall.

Despite its name, ringworm is a common fungal infection of the skin.

Lice live on the outside of the body (e.g. in hair) and are therefore ectoparasites.

Innate immunity is the first line of defense that is non-specific and present from birth.

The body's defenses are layered: 1. Physical/Chemical barriers (skin, 2. Innate immunity (phagocytosis, inflammation), 3. Adaptive immunity (antibodies, lymphocytes).

Lysozyme is an enzyme present in bodily fluids like tears and saliva that damages bacterial cell walls.

The capsid is a protein shell that encloses and protects the viral genome (DNA or RNA).

The DPT vaccine protects against three bacterial diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough) and Tetanus.

Vaccination prepares the immune system for specific pathogens, and good hygiene reduces the chance of infection, both are common strategies for strengthening overall immune defense.

Dengue is spread by mosquitoes. The primary community strategy is to eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed.